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Design of a Magnetic Bearing for an Electrical Machine
Rúra, Dávid ; Vítek, Ondřej (referee) ; Bárta, Jan (advisor)
The current development in the field of electric machinery is focusing on high-speed electric machines. This opens also other fields related to high-speed machines. One of them are magnetic bearing systems. Tradition approach of using ball bearing brings a few problems in design dealing with friction at high speeds. Together with magnetic bearings, development is their control. Faster chips opened a new way of thinking of control and helped to evolve robust control loops. The biggest advantage of magnetic bearing is non-friction run and almost no maintenance. Compare to traditional ball bearing, a magnetic bearing system needs more space and in some applications could happen that the shaft will be twice as long. This problem can be solved designing complex system with motor and integrated magnetic bearing what leads to downsizing. In this master thesis, the design of magnetic bearing for 12kw, 45000rpm is discussed. It focuses on practical design and correlations between parameter selection. The analytical approach is used to sketch the design and optimization is done afterwards. Problem with an analytical design is that it doesn't cover all parasitic phenomenae and thus numerical modelling snd optimization are demanded. Also, the critical speed analyze is included in this thesis. The results of the work will be used for manufacturing prototype as an extension to the existing high-speed machine.
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Analysis of the rotor packet prestress on the rotor critical speed
Lekeš, Filip ; Huzlík, Rostislav (referee) ; Lošák, Petr (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the modeling of the rotor packet in dynamic calculations and analysis of the influence of the packing pressing force on the critical speed of the electric motor. The thesis can be divided into three main parts. The first part discusses the current level of rotor packet modeling in dynamic calculations and also deals with analytical theories for subsequent experimental tests. The second part describes the implementation of two experiments to determine the equivalent modulus of elasticity. The first experiment is a four-point bending test and the second is an experimental modal analysis. The third part is used for comparing the results obtained from experimental tests and describes the calculation of the critical speed of the rotor package pressed on the shaft by the finite element method.
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Comparison of modal properties of steam turbine impeller with blades of different lengths
Havlásek, Michal ; Chromek, Lukáš (referee) ; Lošák, Petr (advisor)
The presented master's thesis deals with the safety assessment of several variants of the impeller with different blades length. The motivation for creating this thesis is to find the solution of the problem situation which is characterized by the breakdown of the steam turbine impeller with blades length of 30mm. As confirmed in this thesis, the impeller with blades length of 30mm is operated in the resonance. Likewise, according to the technical standard ČSN EN ISO 10437 its operation is not safe. As the correction action for the problem situation solving is proposed the prolongation of the impeller's blades. The safety is detected for six variants of impeller with dierent blades length. For each variant, there is executed a modal analysis and its results are drawn up into the Campbell diagram. On the basis of this diagram, the safety of individual components is evaluated. The last part of the masters thesis concerns with the examination of the influence of blades length on the modal properties of the impeller.
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Design of high speed permanent magnet synchronous machine
Přibyl, Daniel ; Knebl, Ladislav (referee) ; Ondrůšek, Čestmír (advisor)
Bachelor's thesis is focused on problematic of synchronous machines with permanent magnets. In this thesis is described the principle of function and design solution of the machine. Furthermore it deals with stator winding, possibility of placing magnets on the rotor and used types of permanent magnets. In the part of solution of the assignment of work is made design of synchronous machine with permanent magnets with output 1,5 MW and rated speed 15000 rpm. The machine is designed with inner rotor and magnets placed on surface. The solution includes design of dimensions of stator including design of slot, design of winding and design of permanent magnet. The whole analytical design was finally compared with the results of the analysis in the RMxprt program. For machine was calculated 2D magnetic field by finite element method in Ansys Maxwell. Finally was calculated critical speed.
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Analysis of mechanical behaviour of synchronous generator
Donát, Martin ; Hadaš, Zdeněk (referee) ; Dušek, Daniel (advisor)
This Master’s thesis deals with analysis of mechanical behaviour of the synchronous generator and assessment of the possibility of reducing the mass of the frame of the generator. The aims of this work were: to perform the stress-strain analysis and modal analysis of the required model of the synchronous generator, to assessment influence of single part of the frame of the generator over its stiffness and design construction modification of the frame of the generator, which reduce its mass.
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Analysis of transfer matrix method using for calculation of electrical machines rotor with influence of magnetic pull
Tobiáš, Jan ; Majer, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vlach, Radek (advisor)
This master thesis is dealing with modeling of the rotor system based on the numerical transfer matrix calculations. This method is suitable for fast analysis of beam bodies to observe the resulting deflection and critical speed in regard to the initial circumstances. The bearing stiffness is a significant input factor that affects the outcomes of the analysis, especially the critical speed the rotor system. First of all,the available approaches to analyze the bended beam bodies are discussed focused on explanation of the transfer matrix algorithm. After that, the approach to estimate the bearing stiffness based on the Hertz contact theory is presented. Further, a brief explanation is given about the heat arising in the rotor bearings. The following chapters are focused on description of the software solver for rotor system analysis based on the transfer matrix method, considering the bearing stiffness estimation based on Hertz contact theory, with possible calculations of the induced bearing heat losses. In the end, the practical use of the developed software is presented with the analysis of the obtained results of the rotor deflection, critical speed, and bearing power loss. There is also discussed a comparison of the different bearing stiffness estimation with the impact to the computation outcomes, especially on the rotor critical speed, followed by comparison conclusion implementation into rotor system analysis.
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Frequency analysis of the blades of the steam turbine impeller
Krejčí, Jaroslav ; Chromek, Lukáš (referee) ; Lošák, Petr (advisor)
The master thesis deals with modal analysis of the blade of the steam turbine impeller. This analysis is made to find the frequency response of the blade in order to predict the dangerous speeds of the steam turbine. At first the problem situation is described. Than follows the research study which is focused on steam turbines and especially on the rotor dynamic systems and the way to ascertain the modal parameters of the dynamic system by experiment. After that the solution of the problem is performed by computational modelling. The results of the computation are analyzed in detail for different variations of the blade length by Campbell diagram. A graph showing dependency between dangerous speeds of the turbine and the blade length is made out of the results. Then the results are verified by experiment and the coefficients of proportional damping are specified. In conclusion the optimal variation of the blade length for the given operational state is determined.
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Dynamic Behavior of Laval Rotor
Nováková, Naděžda ; Hlavoň, Pavel (referee) ; Malenovský, Eduard (advisor)
The aim of this bachebor’s thesis is to specify self-frequency of model rotor system and verify that the system may be considered as Laval rotor. The natural frequency is obtained by calculating from the known relations for the circular rotor vibration. Verify that the model rotor system can be Laval rotor, is performed by using experimental measurements, which is determined in shaft deflection trajectory during gradually increasing speed. The measured values are then processed in program MATLAB. The results are compared with theory of Laval rotor
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Design of computational algorithm of electric machine rotor with respect to stress-strain relationships and critical speed
Pařízek, Daniel ; Lošák, Petr (referee) ; Vlach, Radek (advisor)
The Master's thesis deals with the mechanical design of electric machine rotor. Within the first two chapters of the practical part of the thesis two simplified computational models of the rotor (level 1 models) are compiled. Specifically, the model of flexible rotor mounted on rigid supports and model of rigid rotor mounted on flexible supports. The essence of these computational models lies in solvability using simple equations. Using these models can save time when constructing a pre-design of the rotor geometry. The following chapter is devoted to comparing different approaches to computational modeling of rotor using FEM. A predetermined preliminary design of a high-speed massive rotor is investigated. Computational models of different levels at stress-strain analysis and modal analysis are presented. It also includes a suggestion on how to proceed effectively in a given analysis.
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Optimization of Modal Damping of Blades in High Pressure Stages of Steam Turbine
Lošák, Petr ; Zeman,, Vladimír (referee) ; Pešek, Luděk (referee) ; Kellner,, Josef (referee) ; Malenovský, Eduard (advisor)
Steam turbine rotor is a very complicated assembly, typically consists of several rotor rows. Due to design limitations and increasing demands on the efficiency of the steam turbines, it is practically impossible to avoid all of the resonant states. The significant vibrations can occur, for example, due to passing resonance state during turbine start up or run out. In the worst case the turbine operates state is close to the resonance state of the rotor row. This leads to the significant oscillation of the bladed disk, and may results in the blade (or blade to disk joints) high cycle fatigue. These parts are highly loaded components and any cracks are unacceptable. Therefore it is absolutely necessary to damp vibration by using, for example, passive damping elements. The damping element analyzed in this thesis is a strap with an isosceles trapezoidal cross section, which is placed in the circumferential dovetail groove in the blade segmental shrouding. The sliding between the contact surfaces leads to the dissipation of energy which causes decreasing of undesirable vibrations. The main aim is to design the optimal dimensions of the strap cross-section with a view to the most effective damping of vibration for a particular turbine operating state. Considered bladed disk has 54 blades which are coupled in 18 packets by segmental shrouding. The damping element is paced in circumferential dovetail groove created in the shrouding. This type of damping element is suitable especially for damping vibrations in the axial direction and only with the mode shape with the nodal diameters. The modal properties of the bladed disk are influenced by the sliding distance. Since the friction force depends on centrifugal force acting on the damping element and on the angle of the side walls of the strap and groove, the sliding distance can be influenced by the damping element dimensions. During the optimization process the best possible size of middle width, height and angle of damping element cross-section is searched. The strap weight, contact area size and flexural stiffness of damping element can be influenced by these parameters. Their change has also impact on the size of the contact pressure and thus on the size of relative motion as well. As stated previously, the damping efficiency is influenced by the relative motion between the damping element and shrouding. Numerical simulation in time domain is very time-consuming, especially for systems containing nonlinearities. In order to verify dynamic behavior of the computational model with the passive friction element in numerical simulations, the simplified model is created. The model is created in the ANSYS environment. The main requirement imposed on this model is to have as small number of degrees of freedom as possible, so the time needed to perform the simulation is reduced to a minimum. To satisfy this requirement the simplified model is a cantilever beam with rectangular cross section. The dovetail groove is created in this model in longitudinal direction. In this groove is damping element. In addition to damping element dimensions optimization, the influence of each design variable on model dynamic behavior is studied. The results are verified experimentally. Experiment also shows other interesting results that confirm the damping element influence on the modal characteristics. The gained knowledge is used to optimize the dimensions of the damping element in the model of the bladed disk.
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